Math Operations

Basic Operations

+

Addition

Combining two or more numbers to find their total sum.

3 + 4 = 7

Addends — the numbers being added (3 and 4)

Sum — the result of adding (7)

−

Subtraction

Finding the difference between two numbers by taking one away from the other.

9 − 5 = 4

Minuend — the number being subtracted from (9)

Subtrahend — the number being subtracted (5)

Difference — the result (4)

×

Multiplication

Adding a number to itself a repeated number of times.

6 × 3 = 18

Factors — the numbers being multiplied (6 and 3)

Product — the result of multiplying (18)

÷

Division

Splitting a number into equal parts or groups.

12 ÷ 4 = 3

Dividend — the number being divided (12)

Divisor — the number dividing it (4)

Quotient — the result (3)

Fundamental Formulas

A = L × W

Area

The amount of space inside a flat shape. Measured in square units.

L = 5, W = 3 → A = 15

P = 2L + 2W

Perimeter

The total distance around the outside of a shape.

L = 5, W = 3 → P = 16

D = R × T

Distance

How far something travels, based on its speed (rate) and the time it moves.

R = 60 mph, T = 2 hrs → D = 120 mi

Other Concepts

¾

Fractions

A way to represent a part of a whole, written as one number over another.

1/2 + 1/4 = 3/4

0.5

Decimals

Numbers written with a dot to show values smaller than one, based on powers of ten.

0.75 = 75/100

−n

Negative Numbers

Numbers less than zero, shown with a minus sign, used to represent values like debt or temperature below zero.

−3 + 5 = 2

x, y

Variables

Letters used to represent unknown or changing numbers in math expressions and equations.

x + 3 = 7 → x = 4

Elton's Fun Math